Executive Order 9066: Rights Violated, Responsibilities Neglected
  • Title
  • Background
    • Pearl Harbor
    • Executive Orders 9066 and 9102
    • Internment Camps
    • Supreme Court Cases >
      • Hirabayashi v US Case
      • Korematsu v US Case
    • Propaganda
  • Governmental Responsibility
    • Constitutional Definition
    • Justification
    • Reality
  • Japanese Rights
    • Constitutional Rights Violated
    • Supreme Court Cases >
      • Yasui v. United States
      • Ex parte Endo
    • Issei and Nisei during WWII
  • Effects
    • Health Impacts
    • Restitution
  • Additional Materials
    • Annotated Bibliography
    • Process Paper

Justification

United States Government: Office of War Information - Japanese Relocation 
Source: archive.org


"We knew that some among them were potentially dangerous....but no one knew what would happen among this concentrated population if Japanese forces should try to invade our shores"
Picture
"Successful prosecution of the war requires every possible protection against espionage and against sabotage to national-defense material, national-defense premises, and national-defense utilities" - Executive Order 9066

MAGIC Crypt-Analysis 

MAGIC was the code-name for an operation done by the US government in 1941 to decipher over 4000 secret messages sent between Japanese officials in Tokyo and overseas. The threat posed in the messages was cited as a justification for internment after having kept the whole operation secret for over 40 years.
Picture
An example of the code-breaking machines used by the United States
"We are doing everything in our power to establish outside contacts in connection with our efforts to gather intelligence material. In this regard, we have decided to make use of white persons and Negroes, through Japanese persons whom we can't trust completely. (It not only would be very difficult to hire U.S. (military?) experts for this work at the present time, but the expenses would be exceedingly high.) We shall, furthermore, maintain close connections with the Japanese Associations, the Chamber of Commerce, and the newspapers. "We shall maintain connection with our second generations who are at present in the (U.S.) Army, to keep us informed of various developments in the Army. We also have connections with our second generations working in airplane plants for intelligence purposes."                                                                                                                             

- Tokyo, May 9, 1941                                                                                                                Source: archive.org
The main argument for the internment was that it was a military necessity in order to protect from espionage and sabotage. However, this was far from the reality. 

Constitutional Definition
Reality
Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.